培訓(xùn):高中輔導(dǎo)-高考沖刺-藝考生文化課
英語(yǔ)三大從句包括賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句,其中狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。今天我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和目的狀語(yǔ)從句。
目的狀語(yǔ)從句
1、that,so that,in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句
目的狀語(yǔ)從句由that,so that,in order that等引導(dǎo)。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may、might、can、could、will, would等。
John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.約翰把其他人關(guān)在廚房外,目的是能夠?yàn)橥頃?huì)烹飪出人意料的東西。
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.這些人甘冒生命危險(xiǎn),是為了讓我們活得更安全些
2、lest, for fear that和in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句
這三個(gè)連詞詞組的意思是“以防,以免”。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,但有時(shí)也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得順著她,免得她生氣。
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽(yáng)很利害,你就把帽子戴上。
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
1、so that,so…that, such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country thatI determined to learn English well.我感到在講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家里生活太難了,因此我決定學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
He worked hard so thathe passed the exam. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,結(jié)果通過(guò)了考試。
He spoke for such a long time thatpeople began to fall asleep.他講了那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,人們開始打起瞌睡了。
2、so…that與such…that的區(qū)別
這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。so是副詞,后接形容詞或副詞;such是形容詞,后接名詞。
(1)單數(shù)名詞
在so...that與such...that中間出現(xiàn)的是單數(shù)名詞,且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí),這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可互換,但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+ a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。
She is such a good teacher thatall of us love her.= She is so good a teacher thatall of us love her.她是一位很好的老師,我們都敬愛她。
(2)不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),一般須用such...that。
He made such rapid progress thatbefore long he began to write articles in English.他進(jìn)步很快,不久就開始用英語(yǔ)寫文章。(不可數(shù)名詞)
They are such interesting books thatwe all want to read them.這些書是那么有趣以致我們都想讀一讀。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
(3)名詞前有many,much,little,few修飾時(shí)
如果不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many,much,little,few修飾時(shí),則用so…that。
I've had so many falls thatI'm black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤,周身青一塊紫一塊的。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
George had so little money thathe had to get a job.喬治沒(méi)有錢,所以他不得不找工作干。(不可數(shù)名詞)
They are such little children thatthey can't do anything.他們是小孩,什么事情都干不了。
3、如何判斷so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
(1)當(dāng)表達(dá)的含義是“為了”、“以便”時(shí),為目的狀語(yǔ)從句;當(dāng)表達(dá)的是“以至于”、“因此”含義時(shí),為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)如果你的確知道,應(yīng)大聲回答,以便讓全班學(xué)生都可以聽見。
It rained hard the day before yesterday, so thatshe had to stay at home.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)前天雨下得很大,因此她只好呆在家里。
(2)當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等時(shí),是目的狀語(yǔ)從句;當(dāng)從句里沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(過(guò)去時(shí))、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
We stopped at Salt Lake City so thatwe could(might)visit the monument to seagulls. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)我們?cè)邴}湖城逗留,以便可以參觀為海鷗修的紀(jì)念碑。
They have walked a long way, so thatwe are all tired. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)他們走了很長(zhǎng)的路,所以都很累。
(3)當(dāng)從句之前的so that可用in order that代替時(shí),是目的狀語(yǔ)從句;反之,是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
We now study hard so that we may work well in the future.(=We now study hard in order that we may work well in the future. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)我們現(xiàn)在努力學(xué)習(xí)是為了將來(lái)更好地工作。
(4)當(dāng)so that之前有逗號(hào)時(shí),是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;反之,是目的狀語(yǔ)從句
The story is very interesting, so thatI like it very much.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)這部小說(shuō)很有趣,因而我非常喜歡。
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