雅思考試閱讀部分提分攻略。閱讀與其他三個(gè)項(xiàng)目相比是最多樣化的一項(xiàng)，也是對(duì)單詞要求最多的項(xiàng)，今天小編就給大家整理了這篇雅思考試閱讀技巧，一起來看看吧！

首先，讓我們先來熟悉一下雅思閱讀的分類題型。雅思閱讀大體上可分為細(xì)節(jié)題和主旨題兩類。細(xì)節(jié)題包括判斷、填空、選擇（單選&多選）和配對(duì)（信息配對(duì)&特征配對(duì)&句子配對(duì)）；主旨題包括主旨配對(duì)（List of Headings）和主旨選擇?？傮w而言，細(xì)節(jié)題需要具備掃讀（Scanning）技巧，即搜索具體信息，找到明確的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容；而主旨題則需要具備略讀（Skimming）技巧，即快速閱讀以理解段落或文章主旨。所以，這兩大技巧是閱讀考試中最核心的能力。

一、掃讀（Scanning）

掃讀采用跳讀的方法，其目的是把握文章細(xì)節(jié)，有針對(duì)性地從文章中迅速找出所需的關(guān)鍵信息。通過掃讀技巧的運(yùn)用，可以較快地定位問題的答案。在經(jīng)過掃讀定位答案后，必須對(duì)重點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行精讀，從而找到正確答案。不要在無關(guān)信息或陌生單詞詞組上花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。在閱讀考試過程中，時(shí)間把握是至關(guān)重要的。請(qǐng)參考以下題型：

TRUE        if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE        if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN       if there is no information on this

1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.

2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.

3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.

以上三題是雅思閱讀中最常見的細(xì)節(jié)題（判斷）。通過題干上的具體信息，包括人名，專業(yè)名詞、機(jī)構(gòu)和職業(yè)，我們可以通過掃讀的方式在段落中迅速定位到這些幾乎不會(huì)被替換的目標(biāo)信息。請(qǐng)參考原文：Cambridge9 Test1 Passage1

Paragraph 2

......As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.

Paragraph 3

At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemistAugust Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant......

通過掃讀定位詞我們將目標(biāo)信息定位在文章的第二和第三段，并可以預(yù)判出前三題大致的信息分布位置，所以掃讀技巧有助于考生們?cè)诖痤}時(shí)先獲得“位置感”，從而避免了因無法找到信息而產(chǎn)生的緊張焦慮。

二、略讀（Skimming）

略讀采用速讀的方法，其目的是為在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握文章段落的主旨大意，辨識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解故事背景或論文的中心論點(diǎn)。略讀技巧在雅思閱讀考試中主要用于主旨配對(duì)題（List of Headings），尤其是在某些首尾句意思不明確，且無法首尾呼應(yīng)的復(fù)雜段落中，這項(xiàng)技巧特別適用。請(qǐng)參考以下題型：Cambridge7 Test1 Passage2

List of Headings

i.Scientists' call for a revision of policy

ii.An explanation for reduced water use

iii.How a global challenge was met

iv.Irrigation systems fall into disuse

v.Environmental effects

vi.The financial cost of recent technological improvements

vii.The relevance to health

viii.Addressing the concern over increasing populations

ix.A surprising downward trend in demand for water

x.The need to raise standards

xi.A description of ancient water supplies

Paragraph D

The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes – often with little warning or compensation – to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers[ underground stores of water] are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.

概括本篇文章D段的主旨頗有難度。開頭前兩句分別出現(xiàn)了health和Tens of millions of people的信息，很容易迷惑考生去選vii或viii兩項(xiàng)，但是段落中根本沒有重復(fù)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于health和people之類的信息，并且首尾句內(nèi)容也不呼應(yīng)；因此需要考生們把握整段的主要內(nèi)容，即該段重復(fù)提到的相關(guān)信息。速度段落中間的細(xì)節(jié)信息，我們可以提取出重復(fù)信息，即魚類、河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、土壤質(zhì)量和地下含水層等幾乎都受到破壞，所以通過對(duì)以上信息加以概括，我們就不難得出本段內(nèi)容都涉及到環(huán)境（Environmental），故答案選v.Environmental effects。另外，我們?cè)谒俣缺径沃饕獌?nèi)容是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有irrigation practices這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)說到了灌溉系統(tǒng)對(duì)土壤的破壞，因此很容易誤選iv.Irrigation systems fall into disuse這個(gè)看似很有道理的選項(xiàng)；但是這僅僅是環(huán)境影響的一部分，不能看作是概括整段的主旨，屬于斷章取義，以偏概全。

總之，以上兩種主流閱讀技巧對(duì)考生們提出了不同的要求，即掃讀定位細(xì)節(jié)信息，略讀把握主旨大意。除此之外，我繼續(xù)向大家介紹另外兩種閱讀“小技巧”，幫助考生們?cè)诖痤}時(shí)“隨機(jī)應(yīng)變”。

三、指代關(guān)系（Matching References）

指代詞又稱“紐帶詞”，它們連接了前后句，使句意串聯(lián)了起來，從而起到了“承上啟下”的作用。因此，在找到定位詞的前提下，我們不妨關(guān)注其前后句中指代詞的存在，另辟蹊徑將文中的解題信息延伸下去。指代詞的常見表達(dá)形式有it/this/that/these/those/some等。所以，我們來分析一下這些指代詞在不同題型中發(fā)揮的“紐帶”作用。

請(qǐng)參考以下例題：Cambridge 8 Test1 Passage 3

Flaw

Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34______or 35______.

這兩題屬于表格填空。我們可以將Flaw和Positive results作為定位詞，在文中找到大致位置；另外，通過空格前的such as可以判斷兩題的詞性都是名詞，且并列關(guān)系。請(qǐng)參考原文：

Paragraph 4

The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument – one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' – where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver – to outright fraud.

定位詞可以在段落中輕松找到原詞，但positive results所在句子中不能找到一組并列關(guān)系的名詞；而后面一句的主語these則指代了之前的positive results，所以句意便得到了延伸。通過該句中的詞組ranged from...to...，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其中所包含的兩個(gè)對(duì)象sensory leakage和outright fraud屬于產(chǎn)生積極結(jié)果的因素，即是正確答案。

請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆焕篊ambridge 12 Test8 Passage 2

18. According to the author, what distinguishes rewilding from other environmental campaigns?

A. Its objective is more achievable.

B. Its supporters are more articulate.

C. Its positive message is more appealing.

D. It is based on sounder scientific principles.

本題屬于較復(fù)雜的細(xì)節(jié)題（單選）。題干信息提出了一個(gè)對(duì)比，即rewilding（放歸）和environmental campaigns（環(huán)?；顒?dòng)）間的區(qū)別，所以distinguish是我們?cè)陬}干中要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的詞。請(qǐng)參考原文：

Paragraph 6

Rewilding is a rare example of an environmental movement in which campaigners articulate what they are for rather than only what they are against. One of the reasons why the enthusiasm for rewilding is spreading so quickly in Britain is that it helps to create a more inspiring vision than the green movement's usual promise of 'Follow us and the world will be slightly less awful than it would otherwise have been.'

第六段整段介紹了rewilding（放歸活動(dòng)）的特點(diǎn)。首先，該活動(dòng)的參與者會(huì)表明自己所支持的事物，這僅僅告訴我們其傳遞了正能量；其次又提到了該活動(dòng)在英國(guó)很受歡迎，這些只是一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)的概念，并非對(duì)比。此時(shí)，就需要考生能更細(xì)心地發(fā)現(xiàn)句中用的指代詞it,將其與rewilding聯(lián)系起來，再通過后面的比較級(jí)形式a more inspiring vision than（一個(gè)比...更鼓舞人心的愿景），符合了題干中的distinguish，該信息符合C選項(xiàng)中的positive、more appealing（更吸引人）。

四、單詞理解（Words Understanding）

詞匯理解是閱讀考試的基本功，也是提高閱讀速度的關(guān)鍵因素之一。具備一定的詞匯量不但有助于細(xì)節(jié)信息的準(zhǔn)確理解，而且有助于段落主旨的總體把握。在閱讀過程中難免遇到生詞，因此掌握推測(cè)的方法是閱讀中的必要技能，并幫助考生突破答題瓶頸。詞義推測(cè)可以通過多種方法進(jìn)行，筆者這里主要介紹一項(xiàng)最便于考生們理解的方法，即前后并列關(guān)系利用。

請(qǐng)參考以下例題：Cambridge 9 Test2 Passage 3

YES      if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO      if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

35. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.

Paragraph 6

The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to trigger the brain's fear system. Fear is a majorimpediment to thinking like an iconoclast and stops the average person in his tracks. There are many types of fear, but the two that inhibit iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to deal with are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule......

我們繼續(xù)通過判斷題來分析如何通過詞義推測(cè)來解題。首先，考生們可以掃讀段落，并在前兩行定位到已知信息fear和thinking like an iconoclast；其次，我們需要精讀目標(biāo)句來確定是否符合題干中的考點(diǎn)信息easily overcome。然而，句中存在一個(gè)生詞impediment對(duì)答題造成的困難；如果我們能夠利用后面出現(xiàn)的并列連詞and以及stops，就很容易推斷出前面的生詞大致可以表示“阻止、妨礙”的意思。另外，本段第三句也提及了fear和iconoclastic thinking，我們也可以通過and和后文的difficult to deal with來推測(cè)inhabit表示消極含義，即“限制、阻礙”。所以，這些消極信息恰好與題干中的積極信息相矛盾，本題答案NO。

以上就是小編給大家整理的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，在雅思的四個(gè)單項(xiàng)中，閱讀部分是題型相對(duì)多樣化的一個(gè)科目；對(duì)于剛接觸雅思閱讀的考生而言，面對(duì)五花八門的閱讀題型不免會(huì)感到困惑。這是就需要多掌握一些閱讀技巧去提高自己的閱讀能力。