定語從句作為英語語法,在學(xué)習(xí)過程中屬于中較難理解與掌握的部分,也正是 由于其復(fù)雜程度較高、邏輯性較強(qiáng)、理解難度很大,屢屢讓童鞋們在考試中丟分，今天一起來看看?？嫉亩ㄕZ從句整理吧~

定語從句“三要素”

1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞

①指人的先行詞

②指物的先行詞

★ 先行詞還可以是前面整個(gè)句子所敘述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, whichsurprises all of us.  (which替代前面所敘述的事情)  先行詞

2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語的詞

(1)關(guān)系詞的作用

①替代前面的先行詞（替代作用）

②連接主句和定語從句（連接作用）

③在定語從句中作句子成分（成分作用）

(2)關(guān)系詞的分類

①標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類

②關(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）

③關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(When/where/why)

3.定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子

定語從句的分類

1.限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。

He is a teacher whoworks at our school.

2.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)

Beijing, whichis the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

比較：

He has two sons, who work in the same company. 

(He has only two sons.)

He has two sons who work in the same company.

(Perhaps he has two more sons)

1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語從句)

(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語

She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)

(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語

He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be.  (可以省略that)

(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可以省略

Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.

比較：

Housing price is a problem in whichpeople are interested.（此時(shí)只能用which且不能省略） 

2.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)

(1)用that的情況

①以疑問詞who開頭的句子中

Who is the man thatis shouting there?

②關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)

She is not the girl thatshe used to be.

③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾

This is the very person thatwe are looking for.

(2)用who的情況

①先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

Those whowant to go to the cinemawill have to wait at the gate of the school.

②句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,一個(gè)用了that,另外一個(gè)用who

Who is the boy thatwon the gold medal?

③在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中

There are many young men whoare against him.

④在非限定性定語從句當(dāng)中

Tom, whois my best friend,has gone abroad to study.

3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)

(1)用which的情況

①在非限定性定語從句中

She lost the game, whichdepressed her greatly.

②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語

The pen with whichyou writeis Jack’s.

③先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個(gè)關(guān)系詞用that,另一個(gè)用which.

Let me show you the novel thatI borrowed from the librarywhichis newly open to us.

(2)用that的情況

①先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

She did all thatshe couldto help us.

②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時(shí)

This is the very book thatI want.

③先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)

She described in her compositions the people and he places thatimpressed her most.

④先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)

This is the best book thatI have ever read.

This is the first film thatI’ve seensince I came here.

⑤定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個(gè)用that

He built a factory whichproduced thingsthathad never been seen before.

⑥當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個(gè)用that

Who is the person thatis standing at the gate?

4.As引導(dǎo)定語從句用法

(1)As 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語等。

常用于以下句型當(dāng)中：Such/so….. as….  像…..一樣  the same …. as… 和…...同樣的

A computer is souseful a machine aswe can use everyday.

He is not the sameman ashe was.

(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，此時(shí)譯為“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。

As I remember, there were a net bar here.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

★the same as...和the same that...引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別

This is the samebike thatI lost yesterday.(同一事物)

This is the samebike asI lost yesterday. （同類事物）

5.關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用

(1)When 在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的time, day等

I still remember the day whenI first came to Beijing. (when=on which)

(2)Where 在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的place, spot等

Can you tell me the office wherehe works? 

(where = in which)

(3)Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.

I don’t want to listen to any reason whyyou were absent. 

(why = for which)

★ 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞

★ Where引導(dǎo)的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point（地步）等

What are the situations wherebody languageis the only form of communication?

在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時(shí)where = in which)

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