定語(yǔ)從句作為英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中屬于中較難理解與掌握的部分，也正是由于其復(fù)雜程度較高、邏輯性較強(qiáng)、理解難度很大。如果你對(duì)這一部分的內(nèi)容不太熟悉的話(huà)，記得看。

1.幾個(gè)特殊的先行詞

(1)way在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的三種引導(dǎo)方式 that / in which / 不填

The way in which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.

比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.

★way在定語(yǔ)中作tell的賓語(yǔ)

(2)先行詞time

time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

This is the first time thatthe president has visited the country.

time作“一段時(shí)間” 講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when

This was the time whenthere were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets

★此時(shí)when = during which 在..期間

(3)先行詞reason當(dāng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的4種引導(dǎo)方式 why/for which/that/不填

This is the reason why/for which/that/不填he can not come here.

比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.

★reason 在定語(yǔ)從句中做explain的賓語(yǔ)

2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

★該結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which（指物） 介詞+whom（指人）

★該結(jié)構(gòu)介詞的選用原則：

(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配

This is the book on whichI spent $ 8.

This is the book for whichI paid $ 8.

(2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣

I remember the days during whichI lived there.

I remember the day on whichI graduated from university.

(3)根據(jù)整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)決定

The colorless gas without whichwe can’t live is called oxygen.

(4)英語(yǔ)中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞。

Here is the money with which to buy the piano.

She is the right person on whom to depend

注意：

①如果介詞后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略

The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.

②有些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等

This is the baby that you will look after.

3.定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句的位于動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式

The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings thatdraw lots of visitor every year.

(2)當(dāng)先行詞是 the only + one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式

The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth thatis seen from the moon.

(3)先行詞如果是整個(gè)句子，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

Great changes have taken place in China, asis known to all.

He has passed the driving test, whichsurprises all of us.

4.定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化

定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 –ing或-ed形式

The girl (who is) dancing nowjust returned from Taiwan.

I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.

The man (who stands) standing thereis my friend. 

5. 定語(yǔ)從句的解題方法

(1)判斷從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句 （先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句）

(2)準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞

注意：

①關(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。

當(dāng)先行詞是人：whose =  the + 名詞 + of whom    

當(dāng)先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which

Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?

I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.

②That引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句 和 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:

定語(yǔ)從句中的that:  關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中做句子成分。

名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that, 運(yùn)用于it is/was…that..結(jié)構(gòu)；判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，成分仍然完整。

比較：

This is the book that I am looking for.                          

(that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)

It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.     

(that和前面的it is構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.

(that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--同位語(yǔ)從句)

That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.

(that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--主語(yǔ)從句)

We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.

(that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--賓語(yǔ)從句)

The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.

(that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--表語(yǔ)從句)

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